How do socio-environmental conflicts and entanglements relate to small and large-scale mining and energy projects? This volume (IV) of the Handbook of the Anthropocene in Latin America focuses on mining and energy in the main macro-regions of Latin America (Southern Cone, Andes, Amazon, Mesoamerica and Caribbean) from the colonial regime to the contemporary era of the Anthropocene. The contributors to this volume show how Latin American societies have understood and framed extractive processes culturally and politically in different regions at different times and how these localized processes and conflicts were entangled with global economic developments and flows.