The major problem of philosophy is that of its nature. Is it a universal discourse or a cultural phenomenon? This question, in Western philosophy, has been approached from two dimensions. The universalists and the pragmatists. Most analytical philosophers think that philosophy is universal. The pragmatists oppose them and posit that every philosophy has a cultural origin and is ethnocentric. In African Philosophy the debate about the nature of philosophy is between the universalists and the traditionalists. The universalists conceive philosophy as a theoretical discipline with universal character. The traditionalists on their own are made up of professional philosophers and as well as some other African intellectuals. The argument of the traditionalists is that African Philosophy can be extracted from African peoples’ morality, oral tradition, ethics, religion, folklore; in short from their collective world views or metaphysics. Within the context of this debate this book outlines the challenge of African Philosophy to the universality of Western philosophy. It is anchored on Rorty’s anti-universalist conception of philosophy which deconstructs the notion of «general theory of representation» and instead postulates «cultural genre» and «social practice» as modes of philosophical investigation.

The Author: Anthony Onyemachi Agwuele, born 1966 in Ibadan (Nigeria), studied Philosophy at the universities of Ibadan and Leipzig (Germany). Since January 2009 he is Assistant Lecturer at the University of Leipzig. In 2003 he earned a Research Scholarship of the Heinrich Böll Stiftung. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Leipzig in 2007. His areas of academic interest are African Philosophy, African Studies, Cultural Studies, Social and Political Philosophy, and Language and Discourse.

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