This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First Annual International Conference on Wireless Algorithms, Systems, and Applications, WASA 2006, held in Xi'an, China in August 2006. The book presents 63 revised full papers together with 2 invited keynote speech abstracts, organized in topical sections on wireless PAN and wireless LAN, wireless MAN and pervasive computing, data management, mobility, localization and topology control, performance modeling and analysis, security and more.