This book covers current theoretical, psychometric, and practical issues related to the assessment of competencies in educational and vocational settings. Leading researchers from around the world contribute their expertise from different research fields. The book provides theoretical perspectives on the concept of competencies in educational and vocational contexts, as well as on developmental models. It deals with item writing and psychometric models for assessing and explaining competencies, and addresses practical issues such as test construction, computer-based assessment, and the implementation of assessment tools.