This thesis provides a solution to mitigate the effect of four common imaging artifacts in high-resolution X-ray computed tomography which ultimately reduce the accurateness of the acquired 2D projection images and of the reconstructed 3D data of the materials and objects studied. A novel hybrid tomographic image reconstruction approach was developed and implemented for parallel-beam and cone-beam geometries. The proposed approach has proven to suppress image artefacts effectively as demonstrated in hierarchical MoNi4/MoO2@Ni electrocatalyst system, epoxy molding compound and Didymosphenia geminate frustule. Especially deep learning-based approaches excelled in motion compensation and data recovery while statistical minimization performed adequately for misalignment compensation. Consequently, the reconstructed accurate 3D data converted into FE models to simulate the mechanical behaviours of complex material systems.