Adopting a didactic approach at an advanced, masters level, this concise textbook provides an array of questions & answers and features numerous industrial case studies and examples, with references for further, more detailed reading and to the latest peer-reviewed articles at the end of each chapter. A significant feature is the book's treatment of more recently developed catalytic processes and their applications in the pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries, with an indication of their present and future commercial impact. Written by a dedicated lecturer with a wealth of experience in industry, this is an invaluable tool for practicing chemical engineers and chemists who need to advance their education in this vibrant and expanding field.

InhaltsangabeFOREWORD PREFACE PART I CHEMICAL BASICS DEFINITION, OPTIONS, AND EXAMPLES: WHAT ACTUALLY IS CATALYSIS? Definition of Catalysis The Different Varieties of Catalysis The Directing Effect of the Catalyst Catalysis as a Part of "Green Chemistry" Sources of Information about Catalysis A BRIEF HISTORY: HOMOGENEOUS TRANSITION METAL CATALYSIS: A YOUNG SCIENCE A Brief History INDUSTRIAL HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS: WHAT IS THE ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE? Application Areas of Catalysis Important Homogeneous Catalyzed Processes Synthesis of Fine Chemicals by Homogeneous Catalysis DEFINITIONS OF IMPORTANT TERMS: SELECTIVITY, STY, TON, TOF, AND MORE. Conversion Yield Selectivity Other Important Target Values The Choice is Yours! BONDS, ELEMENTAL STEPS, AND CATALYST CYCLES: BASICS OF ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY Ligands Change in Oxidation State Changing of Coordination Number (CN) and Coordination Geometry The Elementary Steps Catalytic Cycles TRANSITION METAL COMPLEXES: THE "CAPTAINS" OF HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS Group IIIB Metals and Lanthanides Metals of Group IVB Metals of Groups VB to VIIB The "Iron Metals" of Group VIII The Noble Metals from Group VIII Gold: A Noble Metal from Group IB The Cost of Catalyst Metals The Availability of Transition Metal Catalysts A Typical Experiment: Synthesis of Pd(acac)2 THE COMPLEX LIGANDS: THE "MATES" OF HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS Monodentate Ligand or Chelate? Basicity of Ligands Cone Angle ("Tolman Cone Angle") The Bite Angle Costs and Accessibility of Ligands A Typical Experiment: The Synthesis of Biphephos Stability of Ligands THE SOLVENTS: THE REACTION MEDIUM Criteria for Choosing Solvents Miscibility of Solvents Solvents as Activators Solvents as Deactivators Availability and Purity of Solvents Special Solvents ASYMMETRIC CATALYSIS: THE "SPECIAL CASE" A Glossary of Asymmetric Catalysis A Quick Look Back Mechanistic Considerations Chiral Ligands Overview on Homogeneous Catalyzed Asymmetric Syntheses Industrial Applications THERMODYNAMICS OF HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS: WHEN DOES A CHEMICAL REACTION RUN? Gibbs Energy and Energy Plot Calculation or Assessment of the Free Reaction Enthalpy Thermodynamic Analysis of Complex Reaction Systems KINETICS OF HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS: HOW DOES THE REACTION PROCEED? Frequently Occurring Kinetics The Energy Diagram for Explaining Regioselectivity The Energy Diagram for Explaining Enantioselectivity Execution of Kinetic Measurements A Concrete Example: The (Isomerizing) Hydroformylation of Octenes Possible Failures in Kinetic Measurements OVERVIEW ON SPECTROSCOPIC METHODS: CAN WE SEE INTO HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS? UV/Visible Spectroscopy IR Spectroscopy NMR Spectroscopy Mass Spectroscopy Extended XRay Absorption Fine Structure Analysis Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) PART II PROCESS ENGINEERING FUNDAMENTALS REACTOR TYPES: WHERE DOES CATALYSIS OCCUR? Reactions in Homogeneous Liquid Phase FluidFluid Systems The "Embarras de Richesses" Pressure Reactors New Trends OVERVIEW ON CATALYST RECYCLING METHODS: IS MY CATALYST ECONOMICAL? The Principles of Separation Precipitation Crystallization Adsorption THERMAL SEPARATION: THE SIMPLEST REMOVAL OF VOLATILE PRODUCTS The Basics Example: Hydroformylation Example: Oxidation of Ethene to Acetaldehyde Example: Carbonylation of Methanol to Acetic Acid IMMOBILIZATION ON SOLID SUPPORTS: FROM HOMOGENEOUS TO HETEROGENEOUS The Basic Principle Organic Supports Inorganic Supports LIQUIDLIQUID MULTIPHASE SYSTEMS: THE SMART APPROACH TO CATALYST SEPARATION Variants of Liquid?Liquid Biphasic (LLB) Systems Reaction and Separation Reactions with In-Situ Extraction Reactions with Post Extraction THERMOMORPHIC SOLVENT SYSTEMS: CLEVER ENHANCEMENTS Thermoregulated Phase-Transfer Catalysis Thermoregulat

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