This collection offers new perspectives on the connections between politics, identity and representation in art and poetry in nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Britain and Europe. A diverse selection of contributions explore the reciprocal influence of political, religious, literary and artistic movements of the time.

Ingrid Hanson is a lecturer in nineteenth-century literature at the University of Hull. She is the author of (2013); her work has also been published in , and the . Wilfred Jack Rhoden is a post-doctoral research associate at the University of Sheffield. He writes primarily about nineteenth-century French political history and has a keen interest in caricature and the press. E. E. Snyder is Digital Arts and Humanities Manager at the University of Nottingham. She writes on nineteenth-century British literature and science.

Contents: Jan Dirk Baetens: Form, Reform and Reformation: The Politics of Pre-Rubenism – Debbie Bark: Poetry of Social Conscience, Poetry of Transition: Ann Hawkshaw’s ‘Introductory Stanzas’ and ‘The Mother to her Starving Child’ – Eric Storm: Crushed between Gauguin and Picasso: Ignacio Zuloaga’s Depictions of Spain and the Politics of Nationalism – Timothy Baycroft: Images of France and the French: Political Identities in the Nineteenth Century – Wilfred Jack Rhoden: The Paradoxes of Republican Masculinity: French Political Caricature, 1866-1870 – Charlotte Ashby: The : Imagining the Finnish Past, Envisioning the Finnish Future – Joan Allen: ‘God’s alchemy’: Interrogating National Identity in the Life and Writings of John Boyle O’Reilly (1844-1890) – Michael Perraudin: Georg Weerth’s and Other Sketches from Britain: Proletarians and Heroes – Ingrid Hanson: Socialist Identity and the Poetry of European Revolution in , 1885-1890 – Gregorio Alonso: ‘Not so faithful nations’: The Second Reformation and Religious Persecution in Catholic Europe – Eleonora Sasso: ‘Reverberant echoes - Love and Change and Fate’: W. M. Rossetti’s and European Heroic Poetry.