illustrates with historical details the Franciscan Order’s makeover devised by the Catholic Church after Francis’s death. The Franciscan Order was never what Francis had created. is essential reading for graduate course in History, Religious Studies, and Italian Studies.

Latifah Troncelliti completed her PhD in Romance Languages at the University of Oregon and is now Associate Professor in the Modern Languages Department at Saint Bonaventure University in New York. Her first book, , appeared in 2004. She has written articles on the subject of art practice and art theory; she has become every more interested in Church history, considering that the Catholic Church’s influence upon artistic expression was a determining factor in the development of Italian art.